Characterization and Experimental Investigation of NaNO3: KNO3 as Solar Thermal Energy Storage for Potential Cooking Application

Abstract

Household cooking is a major energy-intensive activity in most of the Ethiopian households. Replacing the existing inefficient cooking stoves and the polluting energy source with a renewable source of energy plays a paramount role in conserving the environment and reducing the indoor pollution. In this study an energy storage phase change material is proposed to store solar thermal energy for a potential household cooking application. The selected phase change material has a melting point range that is well fitted to the operating range of temperatures for most of the household cooking activities. The solar energy source is simulated with electrical heating for experimental investigation of the thermal characteristics. Also, it is intended to study the thermal characteristics of the mixture using a differential scanning calorimeter to identify at which mass ratio the mixture shows better thermal characteristics. From the laboratory analysis it is found that the 60% NaNO₃ and 40% KNO₃ by mass has shown promising thermal characteristics. For applying the selected salt mixture for cooking applications, an experiment was conducted on two Ethiopian local meals, shiro wet and potato meal, to know how much energy is required to cook them and what amount of the PCM is required to store the required energy. The result reveals that 2.38 kWh of energy is required for cooking the two meals for five family members for lunch and dinner. To store the energy required, 4 kg of the PCM was required. Experiments were conducted to see the charging and discharging time of 60% NaNO₃ and 40% KNO₃ by mass. From the experimental result for 1.4 kg of the PCM, a charging time of 50 minutes up to 300°C and a discharging time of 4.5 hours (from 300°C to 100°C) are required.